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The order of application is primer first (bottom), then basecoat (middle), and then clearcoat (top).
Primer is to be used over bare metal or plastic and is designed to adhere or stick to it. If you have a repair that is scratched down to the metal or plastic (through the clearcoat, basecoat, & primer), a primer should be used for better adhesion. Primer also has the best filling proerties; and therefore, can fill a courser scratch than basecoat or clearcoat.
Basecoat's only function is to provide the right color over the repair. It has very little filling properties. Most color codes are formulated as what is called a "two-stage" color (basecoat & clearcoat).
Some colors (most white pearls and some bright red metallics) are formulated as a three-stage (two basecoats & clearcoat). The first basecoat (step 1) is the main color, less the pearl or metallic. The second basecoat (step 2) is a transparent color that has the pearl or metallic. Step 3 is the clearcoat and is applied normally.
Clearcoat is used to add a glossy (shiny) finish to the repair and also to protect the finish from damage. The clearcoat is where the actual texture of the finish is determined. If there are imperfections in the clearcoat, very fine sandpaper and compound can be used to smooth out the surface.
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